---
title: 1 Samuel 4:8 (JPS 1917) — Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty go… · tree and pragmatics
description: Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty gods? these are the gods that smote the Egyptians with all manner of plagues and in the wilderness. Who acts: Woe, these, gods. 1 Samuel 4:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 4:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty gods? these are the gods that smote the Egyptians with all manner of plagues and in the wilderness.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Woe, these, gods · **What happens:** deliver, be, smite · **To what, where:** us, hand, gods, Egyptians

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 4:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Woe, these, gods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:104
# text = Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty gods? these are the gods that smote the Egyptians with all manner of plagues and in the wilderness.
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	nsubj	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
15	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
18	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	21	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	parataxis	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	det	_	_
28	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	plagues	plague	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: exclamation
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed form=excl

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deliver** | shall | Woe unto us | us |  | the hand of this mighty gods |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent we=Theme out hand=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present | these | the gods |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **smite** | past | the gods | the Egyptians |  |  |  | with all manner of plagues | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent egyptian=Patient with manner=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
א֣וֹי לָ֔נוּ מִ֣י יַצִּילֵ֔נוּ מִיַּ֛ד הָאֱלֹהִ֥ים הָאַדִּירִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֵ֧לֶּה הֵ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַמַּכִּ֧ים אֶת־מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּכָל־מַכָּ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃

[1 Samuel 4:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:104` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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