---
title: 1 Samuel 4:12 (JPS 1917) — And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh… · tree and pragmatics
description: And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head. Who acts: man. 1 Samuel 4:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 4:12 · JPS 1917

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And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** run, come · **To what, where:** army, clothes, Shiloh

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This is 1 Samuel 4:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:108
# text = And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	_	3	expl	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Shiloh	Shiloh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	14	obl	_	_
23	rent	rent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
28	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | a man of Benjamin |  |  | the army; there |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out army=Trajectory |
| 2 | **come** | past | a man of Benjamin *not said here* | Shiloh's clothes and earth upon earth's head |  | Shiloh | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to shiloh=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּ֤רָץ אִישׁ־בִּנְיָמִן֙ מֵהַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שִׁלֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וּמַדָּ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃

[1 Samuel 4:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:108` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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