---
title: 1 Samuel 4:16 (JPS 1917) — And the man said unto Eli: 'I am he that came out of the army, and I… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the man said unto Eli: 'I am he that came out of the army, and I fled to-day out of the army.' And he said: 'How went the matter, my son?' Who acts: man, I, Eli, matter. 1 Samuel 4:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 4:16 · JPS 1917

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And the man said unto Eli: 'I am he that came out of the army, and I fled to-day out of the army.' And he said: 'How went the matter, my son?'

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**Who acts:** man, I, Eli, matter · **What happens:** say, be, come out, flee, go · **To what, where:** Eli, army · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 4:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, I, Eli, matter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:113
# text = And the man said unto Eli: 'I am he that came out of the army, and I fled to-day out of the army.' And he said: 'How went the matter, my son?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Eli	Eli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	ccomp	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	_
24	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl:unmarked	_	_
25	out	out	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
31	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
34	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
35	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	_
36	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	37	advmod	_	_
37	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	ccomp	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	vocative	_	_
43	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	37	punct	_	_
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the man |  |  |  |  | unto Eli | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | I | Eli |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come out** | past |  | the army |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient army=Result |
| 4 | **flee** | past | I |  |  | the army | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out army=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Eli |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **go** | past | the matter |  |  |  |  | my son *vocative* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֜ישׁ אֶל־עֵלִ֗י אָֽנֹכִי֙ הַבָּ֣א מִן־הַמַּעֲרָכָ֔ה וַאֲנִ֕י מִן־הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה נַ֣סְתִּי הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מֶֽה־הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּנִֽי׃

[1 Samuel 4:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:113` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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