---
title: 1 Samuel 8:4 (JPS 1917) — Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel unto Ramah. Who acts: elders. 1 Samuel 8:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 8:4 · JPS 1917

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Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel unto Ramah.

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**Who acts:** elders · **What happens:** gather, come · **To what, where:** elders, Samuel

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This is 1 Samuel 8:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:178
# text = Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel unto Ramah.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Ramah	Ramah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | all elders of Israel | elders *= elder* |  |  | then | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | all elders of Israel *not said here* |  |  | Samuel |  | unto Ramah | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to samuel=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֔וּ כֹּ֖ל זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הָרָמָֽתָה׃

[1 Samuel 8:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.8.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:178` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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