---
title: 1 Samuel 8:20 (JPS 1917) — that we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judg… · tree and pragmatics
description: that we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.' Who acts: we, king, our. 1 Samuel 8:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 8:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
that we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.'

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**Who acts:** we, king, our · **What happens:** be, judge, go out, fight, battle · **To what, where:** us, battles

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This is 1 Samuel 8:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, king, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:194
# text = that we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.'
1	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
17	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
21	out	out	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	before	before	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
27	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- hedged: yes
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | may | we |  |  |  |  | like all nations | tree rules |
| 2 | **judge** | may | our king | us |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent we=Value |
| 3 | **go out** | infinitive | our king *not said here* |  |  |  | before us | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fight** | infinitive | our king *not said here* | our battles |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **battle** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָיִ֥ינוּ גַם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ כְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּשְׁפָטָ֤נוּ מַלְכֵּ֙נוּ֙ וְיָצָ֣א לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ וְנִלְחַ֖ם אֶת־מִלְחֲמֹתֵֽנוּ׃

[1 Samuel 8:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.8.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:194` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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