---
title: 1 Samuel 9:1 (JPS 1917) — Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Becorath, the son of Aphiah, the son of a Benjamite, a mighty man of valour. Who acts: man, name, Kish. 1 Samuel 9:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 9:1 · JPS 1917

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Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Becorath, the son of Aphiah, the son of a Benjamite, a mighty man of valour.

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**Who acts:** man, name, Kish · **What happens:** be, name · **To what, where:** Kish

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This is 1 Samuel 9:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, name, Kish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:197
# text = Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Becorath, the son of Aphiah, the son of a Benjamite, a mighty man of valour.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	Kish	Kish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	acl:relcl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Abiel	Abiel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Zeror	Zeror	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Becorath	Becorath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Aphiah	Aphiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	Benjamite	Benjamite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a man of Benjamin |  |  | there | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Kish's name | Kish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **name** |  | Kish |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיְהִי־אִ֣ישׁ מִבִּנְיָמִ֗יןוּ֠שְׁמוֹ קִ֣ישׁ בֶּן־אֲבִיאֵ֞ל בֶּן־צְר֧וֹר בֶּן־בְּכוֹרַ֛ת בֶּן־אֲפִ֖יחַ בֶּן־אִ֣ישׁ יְמִינִ֑י גִּבּ֖וֹר חָֽיִל׃

[1 Samuel 9:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:197` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [1 Samuel 8:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.196/)
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