--- title: 1 Samuel 9:4 (JPS 1917) — And he passed through the hill-country of Ephraim, and passed throug… · tree and pragmatics description: And he passed through the hill-country of Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalishah, but they found them not; then they passed through the land of Shaalim, and there they were not; and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not. Who acts: Kish, asses. 1 Samuel 9:4 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.201/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/9/) / [9:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.4/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 9:4 · JPS 1917 And he passed through the hill-country of Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalishah, but they found them not; then they passed through the land of Shaalim, and there they were not; and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not. **Who acts:** Kish, asses · **What happens:** pass, not find · **To what, where:** hill country, land, servants This is 1 Samuel 9:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kish, asses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:201 # text = And he passed through the hill-country of Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalishah, but they found them not; then they passed through the land of Shaalim, and there they were not; and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 through through ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 hill hill NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 8 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Ephraim Ephraim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 14 through through ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Shalishah Shalishah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 but but CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 26 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 28 advmod _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 29 through through ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Shaalim Shaalim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 36 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 38 advmod _ _ 37 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 39 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 42 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 44 through through ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 Benjamites Benjamite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 46 nmod _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 51 but but CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 52 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 nsubj _ _ 53 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 conj _ _ 54 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 obj _ _ 55 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 53 advmod _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pass** | past | Kish | | | the hill country of Ephraim | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through country=Location | | 2 | **pass** | past | Kish *not said here* | | | the land of Shalishah | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through land=Location | | 3 | **not** **find** | past | asses *= ass* | servants *= servant* | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic | | 4 | **pass** | past | asses *= ass* | | | the land of Shaalim | then | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through land=Location | | 5 | **pass** | past | Kish | | | the land of the Benjamites | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through land=Location | | 6 | **not** **find** | past | asses *= ass* | servants *= servant* | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר בְּהַר־אֶפְרַ֛יִם וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־שָׁלִ֖שָׁה וְלֹ֣א מָצָ֑אוּ וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־שַׁעֲלִים֙ וָאַ֔יִן וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־יְמִינִ֖י וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ׃ [1 Samuel 9:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:201` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 9:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.200/) - next →: [1 Samuel 9:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.202/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 9:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.4/)