--- title: 1 Samuel 9:26 (JPS 1917) — And they arose early; and it came to pass about the break of day, th… · tree and pragmatics description: And they arose early; and it came to pass about the break of day, that Samuel called to Saul on the housetop, saying: 'Up, that I may send thee away.' And Saul arose, and they went out both of them, he and Samuel, abroad. 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And Saul arose, and they went out both of them, he and Samuel, abroad. **Who acts:** people, cook, Samuel, I, Saul · **What happens:** arise, come, pass, call, say, send away · **To what, where:** Saul, housetop, thee, day · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 9:26 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, cook, Samuel, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:227 # text = And they arose early; and it came to pass about the break of day, that Samuel called to Saul on the housetop, saying: 'Up, that I may send thee away.' And Saul arose, and they went out both of them, he and Samuel, abroad. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 arose arise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 early early ADV RB Degree=Pos 3 advmod _ _ 5 ; ; PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ _ 11 about about ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 break break NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 that that SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 Samuel Samuel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 20 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 22 on on ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 housetop housetop NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 advcl _ _ 27 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 28 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ _ 29 Up up ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 that that SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 32 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 33 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 send send VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 ccomp _ _ 35 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 34 obj _ _ 36 away away ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ 38 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ _ 39 And and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 40 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 41 arose arise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 conj _ _ 46 out out ADP RP _ 45 compound:prt _ _ 47 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 45 nsubj _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nmod _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 51 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 appos _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 53 Samuel Samuel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 conj _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 55 abroad abroad ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **arise** | past | people | | | | | early *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **come** | past | cook | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **pass** | to-infinitive | cook *not said here* | | | | | about the break of day | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme about break=Location | | 4 | **call** | past | Samuel | | Saul | the housetop | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to saul=Recipient | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Samuel *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **send away** | may | I | thee | | | | away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Theme | | 7 | **arise** | past | Saul | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **go out** | past | people | | | | | abroad *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **break** | | | day | | | | | nom break «event transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּשְׁכִּ֗מוּ וַיְהִ֞י כַּעֲל֤וֹת הַשַּׁ֙חַר֙ וַיִּקְרָ֨א שְׁמוּאֵ֤ל אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ הַגָּ֣גָה לֵאמֹ֔ר ק֖וּמָה וַאֲשַׁלְּחֶ֑ךָּ וַיָּ֣קָם שָׁא֗וּל וַיֵּצְא֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם ה֥וּא וּשְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הַחֽוּצָה׃ [1 Samuel 9:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.26/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:227` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 9:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.226/) - next →: [1 Samuel 9:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.228/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 9:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.9.26/)