---
title: 1 Samuel 10:18 (JPS 1917) — And he said unto the children of Israel: 'Thus saith the LORD, the G… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said unto the children of Israel: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all the kingdoms that oppressed you. Who acts: Samuel, LORD, I, kingdoms. 1 Samuel 10:18 in JPS 1917 with i
---

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# 1 Samuel 10:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said unto the children of Israel: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all the kingdoms that oppressed you.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Samuel, LORD, I, kingdoms · **What happens:** say, bring up, deliver, oppress · **To what, where:** Israel, Egypt, you, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 10:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Samuel, LORD, I, kingdoms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:247
# text = And he said unto the children of Israel: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel: I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all the kingdoms that oppressed you.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
11	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
23	up	up	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	out	out	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
32	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	out	out	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
42	out	out	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	49	det:predet	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nmod	_	_
50	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	51	nsubj	_	_
51	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	acl:relcl	_	_
52	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	51	obj	_	_
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Samuel |  |  |  |  | unto the children of Israel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **bring up** | past | I | Israel |  | Egypt |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent israel=Patient |
| 4 | **deliver** | past | I | you |  | the hand of the Egyptians |  | out the hand of all kingdoms | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent you=Theme out hand=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **oppress** | past | all kingdoms | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לפ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אָנֹכִ֛י הֶעֱלֵ֥יתִי אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וָאַצִּ֤יל אֶתְכֶם֙ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמִיַּד֙ כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת הַלֹּחֲצִ֖ים אֶתְכֶֽם׃

[1 Samuel 10:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.10.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:247` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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