---
title: 1 Samuel 11:4 (JPS 1917) — Then came the messengers to Gibeath-shaul, and spoke these words in… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then came the messengers to Gibeath-shaul, and spoke these words in the ears of the people; and all the people lifted up their voice, and wept. Who acts: messengers, people. 1 Samuel 11:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 11:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then came the messengers to Gibeath-shaul, and spoke these words in the ears of the people; and all the people lifted up their voice, and wept.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** messengers, people · **What happens:** come, speak, lift up, weep · **To what, where:** words, ears, voice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 11:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messengers, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:263
# text = Then came the messengers to Gibeath-shaul, and spoke these words in the ears of the people; and all the people lifted up their voice, and wept.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Gibeath	Gibeath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	_
8	shaul	shaul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	24	det:predet	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the messengers |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the messengers *not said here* | this words |  | the ears of the people |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lift up** | past | all people | messengers's voice |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme |
| 4 | **weep** | past | all people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַמַּלְאָכִים֙ גִּבְעַ֣ת שָׁא֔וּל וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ הַדְּבָרִ֖ים בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיִּשְׂא֧וּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּֽוּ׃

[1 Samuel 11:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.11.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:263` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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