---
title: 1 Samuel 11:5 (JPS 1917) — And, behold, Saul came following the oxen out of the field; and Saul… · tree and pragmatics
description: And, behold, Saul came following the oxen out of the field; and Saul said: 'What aileth the people that they weep?' And they told him the words of the men of Jabesh. Who acts: Saul, people. 1 Samuel 11:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 11:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And, behold, Saul came following the oxen out of the field; and Saul said: 'What aileth the people that they weep?' And they told him the words of the men of Jabesh.

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**Who acts:** Saul, people · **What happens:** come, follow, say, ail, weep, tell · **To what, where:** oxen, field, words, Saul, men · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 11:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:264
# text = And, behold, Saul came following the oxen out of the field; and Saul said: 'What aileth the people that they weep?' And they told him the words of the men of Jabesh.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	oxen	oxen	NOUN	NN	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
20	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	21	obj	_	_
21	aileth	ail	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	ccomp	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	weep	weep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
29	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	iobj	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	Jabesh	Jabesh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund | Saul *not said here* | the oxen |  | the field |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent oxen=Theme out field=Trajectory |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **ail** | present | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn pain-40.8.1 «NP V NP.experiencer»: agent=Patient what=Experiencer |
| 5 | **weep** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | people | the words of the men of Jabesh | Saul |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient word=Topic |
| 7 | **word** |  |  | the men of Jabesh |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהִנֵּ֣ה שָׁא֗וּל בָּ֣א אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבָּקָר֙ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל מַה־לָּעָ֖ם כִּ֣י יִבְכּ֑וּ וַיְסַ֨פְּרוּ־ל֔וֹ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י אַנְשֵׁ֥י יָבֵֽישׁ׃

[1 Samuel 11:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.11.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:264` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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