--- title: 1 Samuel 12:2 (JPS 1917) — And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayh… · tree and pragmatics description: And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you; and I have walked before you from my youth unto this day. Who acts: king, I, sons. 1 Samuel 12:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.276/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/12/) / [12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.2/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 12:2 · JPS 1917 And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you; and I have walked before you from my youth unto this day. **Who acts:** king, I, sons · **What happens:** walk, be · **To what, where:** youth This is 1 Samuel 12:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, I, sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:276 # text = And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you; and I have walked before you from my youth unto this day. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 2 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 8 advmod _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 behold behold INTJ UH _ 8 discourse _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 walketh walk VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 before before ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 13 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 14 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 grayheaded grayheaded ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 conj _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 behold behold INTJ UH _ 27 discourse _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 23 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 sons son NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 conj _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 31 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 walked walk VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 conj _ _ 33 before before ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ _ 35 from from ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 38 unto unto ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 40 det _ _ 40 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **walk** | present | the king | | | | before you; now | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before you=Trajectory | | 2 | **is** | present | I | | | | | old *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | I *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | present | my sons | | | | | with you | tree rules | | 5 | **walk** | present · perfect | I | | | my youth | before you; day | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before you=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְעַתָּ֞ה הִנֵּ֥ה הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֗ם וַאֲנִי֙ זָקַ֣נְתִּי וָשַׂ֔בְתִּי וּבָנַ֖י הִנָּ֣ם אִתְּכֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם מִנְּעֻרַ֖י עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ [1 Samuel 12:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:276` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 12:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.275/) - next →: [1 Samuel 12:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.277/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.2/)