---
title: 1 Samuel 12:3 (JPS 1917) — Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anoint… · tree and pragmatics
description: Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? or whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.' Who acts: I. 1 Samuel 12:3 in
---

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# 1 Samuel 12:3 · JPS 1917

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Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? or whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.'

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** be, witness, take, defraud, oppress, blind · **To what, where:** ox, ass, ransom, eyes, you

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This is 1 Samuel 12:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:277
# text = Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? or whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.'
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	witness	witness	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	anointed	anointed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
17	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
24	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
29	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
32	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	defrauded	defraud	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	conj	_	_
35	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	_
36	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
37	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	40	obj	_	_
38	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
39	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	34	conj	_	_
41	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	40	punct	_	_
42	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
46	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
47	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
48	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	40	conj	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	ransom	ransom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
51	to	to	PART	TO	_	52	mark	_	_
52	blind	blind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	advcl	_	_
53	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	54	nmod:poss	_	_
54	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obj	_	_
55	therewith	therewith	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
56	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	48	punct	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
58	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	60	nsubj	_	_
59	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	60	aux	_	_
60	restore	restore	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
61	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	60	obj	_	_
62	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	60	iobj	_	_
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
64	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **witness** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | before the LORD | against me | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take** | present · perfect | I | ox |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | present · perfect | I | ass |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ass=Theme |
| 5 | **defraud** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Source |
| 6 | **oppress** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **take** | present · perfect | I | a ransom |  |  |  | of hand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent ransom=Theme of hand=Initial\_Location |
| 8 | **blind** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | mine eyes |  |  |  | therewith *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **restore** | future | I | ransom | you |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנְנִ֣י עֲנ֣וּ בִי֩ נֶ֨גֶד יְהוָ֜ה וְנֶ֣גֶד מְשִׁיח֗וֹ אֶת־שׁוֹר֩ ׀ מִ֨י לָקַ֜חְתִּי וַחֲמ֧וֹר מִ֣י לָקַ֗חְתִּי וְאֶת־מִ֤י עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙ אֶת־מִ֣י רַצּ֔וֹתִי וּמִיַּד־מִי֙ לָקַ֣חְתִּי כֹ֔פֶר וְאַעְלִ֥ים עֵינַ֖י בּ֑וֹ וְאָשִׁ֖יב לָכֶֽם׃

[1 Samuel 12:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:277` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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