---
title: 1 Samuel 12:10 (JPS 1917) — And they cried unto the LORD, and said: We have sinned, because we h… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they cried unto the LORD, and said: We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served the Baalim and the Ashtaroth; but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve Thee. Who acts: fathers, We. 1 Samuel 12:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# 1 Samuel 12:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they cried unto the LORD, and said: We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served the Baalim and the Ashtaroth; but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve Thee.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fathers, We · **What happens:** cry, say, sin, forsake, serve, deliver · **To what, where:** LORD, Baalim, us, hand, Thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 12:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fathers, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:284
# text = And they cried unto the LORD, and said: We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served the Baalim and the Ashtaroth; but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve Thee.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	sinned	sin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	forsaken	forsake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Baalim	Baalim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Ashtaroth	Ashtaroth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	33	advmod	_	_
33	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
34	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	out	out	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
44	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
45	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	conj	_	_
47	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	46	obj	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | fathers *= father* |  |  |  |  | unto the LORD | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | fathers *= father* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sin** | present · perfect | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **forsake** | present · perfect | we | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **serve** | present · perfect | we *not said here* | the Baalim and the Ashtaroth |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baalim=Attribute |
| 6 | **deliver** | infinitive | fathers *= father* *not said here* | us |  | the hand of our enemies | now |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent we=Theme out hand=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **serve** | future | we | Thee |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּחָטָ֔אנוּ כִּ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַנַּעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְעַתָּ֗ה הַצִּילֵ֛נוּ מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃

[1 Samuel 12:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:284` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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