---
title: 1 Samuel 12:18 (JPS 1917) — So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain t… · tree and pragmatics
description: So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day; and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel. Who acts: Samuel, LORD, people. 1 Samuel 12:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 12:18 · JPS 1917

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So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day; and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel.

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**Who acts:** Samuel, LORD, people · **What happens:** call, send, fear · **To what, where:** thunder, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 12:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Samuel, LORD, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:293
# text = So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day; and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Samuel |  |  |  |  | unto the LORD | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **send** | past | the LORD | thunder and rain |  |  | day |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thunder=Theme |
| 3 | **fear** | past | all people | the LORD |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lord=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה קֹלֹ֥ת וּמָטָ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיִּירָ֨א כָל־הָעָ֥ם מְאֹ֛ד אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃

[1 Samuel 12:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:293` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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