---
title: 1 Samuel 13:1 (JPS 1917) — Saul was — years old when he began to reign; and two years he reigne… · tree and pragmatics
description: Saul was — years old when he began to reign; and two years he reigned over Israel. Who acts: Saul. 1 Samuel 13:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 13:1 · JPS 1917

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Saul was — years old when he began to reign; and two years he reigned over Israel.

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**Who acts:** Saul · **What happens:** be, begin, reign · **To what, where:** Israel

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This is 1 Samuel 13:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:301
# text = Saul was — years old when he began to reign; and two years he reigned over Israel.
1	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	—	—	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod:unmarked	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Saul |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **reign** | past | Saul |  |  | Israel | year |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בֶּן־שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁא֣וּל בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁתֵּ֣י שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

[1 Samuel 13:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:301` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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