---
title: 1 Samuel 13:7 (JPS 1917) — Now some of the Hebrews had gone over the Jordan to the land of Gad… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now some of the Hebrews had gone over the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead; but as for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling. Who acts: some, Saul, people. 1 Samuel 13:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 13:7 · JPS 1917

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Now some of the Hebrews had gone over the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead; but as for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.

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**Who acts:** some, Saul, people · **What happens:** go, be, follow, tremble · **To what, where:** Jordan, Gilgal, Saul

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This is 1 Samuel 13:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some, Saul, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:309
# text = Now some of the Hebrews had gone over the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead; but as for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Hebrews	Hebrew	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Gad	Gad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Gilgal	Gilgal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	33	det:predet	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
35	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	trembling	tremble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	advcl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · perfect | some |  |  | the Jordan | now | to the land of Gad and Gilead | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme over jordan=Initial\_Location to land=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | past | Saul |  |  | Gilgal | yet | as Saul | tree rules |
| 3 | **follow** | past | all people | Saul |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 4 | **tremble** | gerund | all people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְעִבְרִ֗ים עָֽבְרוּ֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶ֥רֶץ גָּ֖ד וְגִלְעָ֑ד וְשָׁאוּל֙ עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ בַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם חָרְד֥וּ אַחֲרָֽיו׃

[1 Samuel 13:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:309` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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