---
title: 1 Samuel 13:16 (JPS 1917) — And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present wit… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeath-benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmas. Who acts: people, Saul, Philistines. 1 Samuel 13:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 13:16 · JPS 1917

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And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeath-benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmas.

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**Who acts:** people, Saul, Philistines · **What happens:** be, abode, encamp · **To what, where:** Gibeath benjamin, Michmas

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This is 1 Samuel 13:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, Saul, Philistines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:319
# text = And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeath-benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmas.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
18	abode	abode	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	Gibeath	Gibeath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	_
22	benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Philistines	Philistines	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	encamped	encamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Michmas	Michmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the people |  |  |  |  | with people; present *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **abode** | past | Saul and Jonathan and the people |  |  | Gibeath benjamin |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **encamp** | past | the Philistines |  |  | Michmas |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְשָׁא֞וּל וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֗וֹ וְהָעָם֙ הַנִּמְצָ֣א עִמָּ֔ם יֹשְׁבִ֖ים בְּגֶ֣בַע בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בְמִכְמָֽשׂ׃

[1 Samuel 13:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.13.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:319` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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