---
title: 1 Samuel 2:4 (JPS 1917) — The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are gi… · tree and pragmatics
description: The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength. 1 Samuel 2:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.32/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/2/) / [2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.4/) / JPS 1

# 1 Samuel 2:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** break, stumble, gird · **To what, where:** bows

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:32
# text = The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bows	bow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	stumbled	stumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	girded	gird	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed polarity=pos

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · passive |  | the bows of the mighty men |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **stumble** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **gird** | present · passive |  | bows *= bow* |  |  |  | with strength | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
קֶ֥שֶׁת גִּבֹּרִ֖ים חַתִּ֑ים וְנִכְשָׁלִ֖ים אָ֥זְרוּ חָֽיִל׃

[1 Samuel 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.4/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:32` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [1 Samuel 2:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.31/)
- next →: [1 Samuel 2:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.33/)
- ↑ back to [1 Samuel 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.4/)