---
title: 1 Samuel 14:1 (JPS 1917) — Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on yonder side. Who acts: Jonathan, young man, us, garrison. 1 Samuel 14:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on yonder side.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jonathan, young man, us, garrison · **What happens:** fall, say, bear, come, let, go over · **To what, where:** it, armour, us, yonder side · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 14:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, young man, us, garrison), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:327
# text = Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on yonder side.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	csubj	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
24	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
28	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	over	over	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Philistines	Philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	35	nmod:poss	_	_
34	'	's	PART	POS	_	33	case	_	_
35	garrison	garrison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
39	on	on	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	yonder	yonder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	acl:relcl	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past |  | it |  |  | now; day |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jonathan |  |  |  |  | unto the young man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **bear** | past | the young man | Jonathan's armour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent armour=Patient |
| 4 | **come** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **go over** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the Philistines's garrison; over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **is** | present | the Philistines's garrison |  |  | yonder side |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֤ן בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֙עַר֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו לְכָ֗ה וְנַעְבְּרָה֙ אֶל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַלָּ֑ז וּלְאָבִ֖יו לֹ֥א הִגִּֽיד׃

[1 Samuel 14:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.1/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **Now it fell upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on yonder side.**
2. [But he told not his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.328/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:327` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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