--- title: 1 Samuel 14:12 (JPS 1917) — And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer,… · tree and pragmatics description: And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said: 'Come up to us, and we will show you a thing.' And Jonathan said unto his armour-bearer: 'Come up after me; for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.' Who acts: men, we, Jonathan, LORD. 1 Samuel 14:12 in J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.340/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / [14:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.12/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 14:12 · JPS 1917 And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said: 'Come up to us, and we will show you a thing.' And Jonathan said unto his armour-bearer: 'Come up after me; for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.' **Who acts:** men, we, Jonathan, LORD · **What happens:** speak, say, come up, show, deliver · **To what, where:** Jonathan, us, thing, you, passes, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 14:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, we, Jonathan, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:340 # text = And the men of the garrison spoke to Jonathan and his armour-bearer, and said: 'Come up to us, and we will show you a thing.' And Jonathan said unto his armour-bearer: 'Come up after me; for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 garrison garrison NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 11 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 12 armour armour NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 13 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 12 punct _ _ 14 bearer bearer NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 18 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 19 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 20 Come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 ccomp _ _ 21 up up ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 conj _ _ 29 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 iobj _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 28 punct _ _ 33 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ _ 34 And and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 37 unto unto ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 38 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 39 armour armour NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 40 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 39 punct _ _ 41 bearer bearer NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 42 : : PUNCT : _ 44 punct _ _ 43 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 44 punct _ _ 44 Come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 ccomp _ _ 45 up up ADP RP _ 44 compound:prt _ _ 46 after after ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 44 obl _ _ 48 ; ; PUNCT : _ 53 punct _ _ 49 for for SCONJ IN _ 53 mark _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 53 nsubj _ _ 52 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 53 delivered deliver VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 44 advcl _ _ 54 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 obj _ _ 55 into into ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 obl _ _ 58 of of ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 59 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 57 nmod _ _ 60 . . PUNCT . _ 36 punct _ _ 61 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 36 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: suggest - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the men of the garrison | | Jonathan and man's armour bearer | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to jonathan=Co-Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the men of the garrison *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **come up** | infinitive | | | us | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to we=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **show** | future | we | a thing | you | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient thing=Topic | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jonathan | | | | | unto man's armour bearer | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **come up** | infinitive | | | | | after me | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **deliver** | present · perfect | the LORD | passes *= pass* | | the hand of Israel | | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּעֲנוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמַּצָּבָ֜ה אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֣ן ׀ וְאֶת־נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ עֲל֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנוֹדִ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑רפ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֤א כֵלָיו֙ עֲלֵ֣ה אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [1 Samuel 14:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:340` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.339/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.341/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.12/)