--- title: 1 Samuel 14:13 (JPS 1917) — And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his ar… · tree and pragmatics description: And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armour-bearer after him; and they fell before Jonathan; and his armour-bearer slew them after him. Who acts: Jonathan, passes, armour bearer. 1 Samuel 14:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.341/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/14/) / [14:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.13/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 14:13 · JPS 1917 And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armour-bearer after him; and they fell before Jonathan; and his armour-bearer slew them after him. **Who acts:** Jonathan, passes, armour bearer · **What happens:** climb up, fall, slay · **To what, where:** hands, Jonathan, passes This is 1 Samuel 14:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, passes, armour bearer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:341 # text = And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armour-bearer after him; and they fell before Jonathan; and his armour-bearer slew them after him. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 climbed climb VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 up up ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 upon upon ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 9 upon upon ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 15 armour armour NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ _ 17 bearer bearer NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 18 after after ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 24 before before ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 28 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 29 armour armour NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 30 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 29 punct _ _ 31 bearer bearer NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 slew slay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 33 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 after after ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **climb up** | past | Jonathan | | | Jonathan's hands and Jonathan's feet | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon hand=Trajectory | | 2 | **fall** | past | passes *= pass* | | | Jonathan | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before jonathan=Location | | 3 | **slay** | past | Jonathan's armour bearer | passes *= pass* | | | after Jonathan | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּ֣עַל יוֹנָתָ֗ן עַל־יָדָיו֙ וְעַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו אַחֲרָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יוֹנָתָ֔ן וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו מְמוֹתֵ֥ת אַחֲרָֽיו׃ [1 Samuel 14:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:341` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 14:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.340/) - next →: [1 Samuel 14:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.342/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 14:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.13/)