---
title: 1 Samuel 14:16 (JPS 1917) — And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeath-benjamin looked; and, behold, th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeath-benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude melted away, and they went hither and thither. Who acts: watchmen, multitude. 1 Samuel 14:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:16 · JPS 1917

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And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeath-benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude melted away, and they went hither and thither.

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**Who acts:** watchmen, multitude · **What happens:** look, melt away, go

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This is 1 Samuel 14:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (watchmen, multitude), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:344
# text = And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeath-benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude melted away, and they went hither and thither.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	watchmen	watchman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Gibeath	Gibeath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	_
9	benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
10	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	18	discourse	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	melted	melt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
24	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	24	conj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the watchmen of Saul in Gibeath benjamin |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **melt away** | past | the multitude |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **go** | past | watchmen *= watchman* |  |  |  |  | hither *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּרְא֤וּ הַצֹּפִים֙ לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּגִבְעַ֖ת בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וְהִנֵּ֧ה הֶהָמ֛וֹן נָמ֖וֹג וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַהֲלֹֽם׃פ

[1 Samuel 14:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:344` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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