---
title: 1 Samuel 14:18 (JPS 1917) — And Saul said unto Ahijah: 'Bring hither the ark of God.' For the ar… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul said unto Ahijah: 'Bring hither the ark of God.' For the ark of God was there at that time with the children of Israel. Who acts: Saul, ark. 1 Samuel 14:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:18 · JPS 1917

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And Saul said unto Ahijah: 'Bring hither the ark of God.' For the ark of God was there at that time with the children of Israel.

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**Who acts:** Saul, ark · **What happens:** say, bring, be · **To what, where:** ark · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 14:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, ark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:346
# text = And Saul said unto Ahijah: 'Bring hither the ark of God.' For the ark of God was there at that time with the children of Israel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Ahijah	Ahijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
16	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advcl	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | unto Ahijah | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bring** | infinitive |  | the ark of God |  |  |  | hither *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent ark=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | the ark of God |  |  |  | time | with the children of Israel; there *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ לַֽאֲחִיָּ֔ה הַגִּ֖ישָׁה אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּֽי־הָיָ֞ה אֲר֧וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

[1 Samuel 14:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:346` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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