---
title: 1 Samuel 14:24 (JPS 1917) — And the men of Israel were distressed that day; but Saul adjured the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the men of Israel were distressed that day; but Saul adjured the people, saying: 'Cursed be the man that eateth any food until it be evening, and I be avenged on mine enemies.' So none of the people tasted food. Who acts: Saul, man, food, none. 1 Samuel 14:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:24 · JPS 1917

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And the men of Israel were distressed that day; but Saul adjured the people, saying: 'Cursed be the man that eateth any food until it be evening, and I be avenged on mine enemies.' So none of the people tasted food.

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**Who acts:** Saul, man, food, none · **What happens:** distress, adjure, say, curse, eat, be · **To what, where:** men, people, man, food, evening, I · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 14:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, man, food, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:352
# text = And the men of Israel were distressed that day; but Saul adjured the people, saying: 'Cursed be the man that eateth any food until it be evening, and I be avenged on mine enemies.' So none of the people tasted food.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	distressed	distress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	adjured	adjure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Cursed	curse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	ccomp	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	eateth	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
26	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	27	det	_	_
27	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	cop	_	_
31	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	advcl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj:pass	_	_
35	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	aux:pass	_	_
36	avenged	avenge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	conj	_	_
37	on	on	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	mine	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
41	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
42	So	so	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
43	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	47	nsubj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
47	tasted	taste	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
48	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	_
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **distress** | past · passive |  | the men of Israel |  |  | day |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **adjure** | past | Saul | the people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **curse** | infinitive · passive |  | the man |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **eat** | present | the man | any food |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
| 6 | **is a** | infinitive | food | evening |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **avenge** | infinitive · passive |  | I |  | mine enemies |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **taste** | past | none | food |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme food=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נִגַּ֖שׂ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיֹּאֶל֩ שָׁא֨וּל אֶת־הָעָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר אָר֣וּר הָ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֨אכַל לֶ֜חֶם עַד־הָעֶ֗רֶב וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י וְלֹֽא טָעַ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃ס

[1 Samuel 14:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:352` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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