---
title: 1 Samuel 14:28 (JPS 1917) — Then answered one of the people, and said: 'Thy father straitly char… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then answered one of the people, and said: 'Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying: Cursed be the man that eateth food this day; and the people are faint.' Who acts: one, father, man, people. 1 Samuel 14:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:28 · JPS 1917

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Then answered one of the people, and said: 'Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying: Cursed be the man that eateth food this day; and the people are faint.'

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**Who acts:** one, father, man, people · **What happens:** answer, say, charge, curse, eat, be · **To what, where:** people, man, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 14:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, father, man, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:356
# text = Then answered one of the people, and said: 'Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying: Cursed be the man that eateth food this day; and the people are faint.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	_
12	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	straitly	straitly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	charged	charge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	advcl	_	_
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Cursed	curse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	ccomp	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	aux:pass	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	eateth	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl:unmarked	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
37	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
38	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
40	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | one of the people |  |  |  | then |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | one of the people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **charge** | past | Thy father |  | the people |  |  | with a oath; straitly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient with oath=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Thy father *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **curse** | infinitive · passive |  | the man |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **eat** | present | the man | food |  |  | day |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
| 7 | **is** | present | the people |  |  |  |  | faint *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּעַן֩ אִ֨ישׁ מֵֽהָעָ֜ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַשְׁבֵּעַ֩ הִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ אָבִ֤יךָ אֶת־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֥וּר הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיָּ֖עַף הָעָֽם׃

[1 Samuel 14:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:356` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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