---
title: 1 Samuel 14:38 (JPS 1917) — And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and k… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day. Who acts: Saul, sin. 1 Samuel 14:38 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:38 · JPS 1917

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And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day.

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**Who acts:** Saul, sin · **What happens:** say, draw, know, see, be · **To what, where:** day · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 14:38 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, sin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:366
# text = And Saul said: 'Draw nigh hither, all ye chiefs of the people; and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod	_	_
12	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	vocative	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
21	wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
22	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
24	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
25	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	cop	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	ccomp	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **draw** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | all chiefs  ye of the people *vocative*; hither, nigh *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **know** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **see** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is a** | present · perfect | this sin | this day |  |  |  | wherein *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ הֲלֹ֔ם כֹּ֖ל פִּנּ֣וֹת הָעָ֑ם וּדְע֣וּ וּרְא֔וּ בַּמָּ֗ה הָֽיְתָ֛ה הַחַטָּ֥את הַזֹּ֖את הַיּֽוֹם׃

[1 Samuel 14:38: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.38/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:366` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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