---
title: 1 Samuel 14:41 (JPS 1917) — Therefore Saul said unto the LORD, the God of Israel: 'Declare the r… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore Saul said unto the LORD, the God of Israel: 'Declare the right.' And Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot; but the people escaped. Who acts: Saul, lot, people. 1 Samuel 14:41 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:41 · JPS 1917

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Therefore Saul said unto the LORD, the God of Israel: 'Declare the right.' And Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot; but the people escaped.

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**Who acts:** Saul, lot, people · **What happens:** say, declare, take, escape · **To what, where:** right, Jonathan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 14:41 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, lot, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:369
# text = Therefore Saul said unto the LORD, the God of Israel: 'Declare the right.' And Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot; but the people escaped.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Declare	declare	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
19	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
28	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
31	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | unto the LORD; therefore *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **declare** *speech: other* | infinitive |  | the right |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Attribute |
| 3 | **take** | past · passive | lot | Jonathan and Saul |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument subject=Destination |
| 4 | **escape** | past | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֗וּל אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הָ֣בָה תָמִ֑ים וַיִּלָּכֵ֧ד יוֹנָתָ֛ן וְשָׁא֖וּל וְהָעָ֥ם יָצָֽאוּ׃

[1 Samuel 14:41: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.41/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:369` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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