---
title: 1 Samuel 14:42 (JPS 1917) — And Saul said: 'Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son.' And Jonat… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul said: 'Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son.' And Jonathan was taken. Who acts: Saul. 1 Samuel 14:42 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:42 · JPS 1917

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And Saul said: 'Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son.' And Jonathan was taken.

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**Who acts:** Saul · **What happens:** say, cast, take · **To what, where:** lots, Jonathan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 14:42 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:370
# text = And Saul said: 'Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son.' And Jonathan was taken.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Cast	cast	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
16	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cast** | infinitive |  | lots |  |  |  | between me | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent lot=Theme between i=Destination |
| 3 | **take** | past · passive |  | Jonathan |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הַפִּ֕ילוּ בֵּינִ֕י וּבֵ֖ין יוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנִ֑י וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד יוֹנָתָֽן׃

[1 Samuel 14:42: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.42/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:370` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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