---
title: 1 Samuel 14:47 (JPS 1917) — So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his ene… · tree and pragmatics
description: So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; and whithersoever he turned himself, he put them to the worse. Who acts: Saul. 1 Sam
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:47 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; and whithersoever he turned himself, he put them to the worse.

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**Who acts:** Saul · **What happens:** take, fight, turn, put · **To what, where:** kingdom, Israel, side, Saul, Philistines

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 14:47 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:376
# text = So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; and whithersoever he turned himself, he put them to the worse.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Ammon	Ammon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	against	against	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	against	against	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Zobah	Zobah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
41	against	against	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	Philistines	Philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
44	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
46	whithersoever	whithersoever	ADV	WRB	_	48	advmod	_	_
47	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
48	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	advcl	_	_
49	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	48	obj	_	_
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
51	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
52	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
53	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	obj	_	_
54	to	to	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	52	obl	_	_
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Saul | the kingdom |  | Israel |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme |
| 2 | **fight** | past | Saul *not said here* |  |  | every side |  | against Saul's enemies; against Moab and the children of Ammon and Edom and the kings of Zobah and the Philistines | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **turn** | past | Saul | Saul |  |  |  | whithersoever *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 4 | **put** | past | Saul | Philistines *= philistine* |  |  |  | to the worse | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְשָׁא֛וּל לָכַ֥ד הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם סָבִ֣יב ׀ בְּֽכָל־אֹיְבָ֡יו בְּמוֹאָ֣ב ׀ וּבִבְנֵי־עַמּ֨וֹן וּבֶאֱד֜וֹם וּבְמַלְכֵ֤י צוֹבָה֙ וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶ֖ה יַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃

[1 Samuel 14:47: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.47/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:376` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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