---
title: 1 Samuel 14:48 (JPS 1917) — And he did valiantly, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he did valiantly, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of them that spoiled them. Who acts: Saul. 1 Samuel 14:48 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:48 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he did valiantly, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of them that spoiled them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saul · **What happens:** do, smote, deliver, spoil · **To what, where:** Amalekites, Israel

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This is 1 Samuel 14:48 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:377
# text = And he did valiantly, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of them that spoiled them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	valiantly	valiantly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Amalekites	amalekite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	IN	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nmod	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | valiantly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **smote** | past | Saul *not said here* | the Amalekites |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **deliver** | past | Saul *not said here* | Israel |  |  |  | of the hands of Amalekites | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent israel=Theme of hand=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **spoil** | past |  | Amalekites *= amalekite* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ חַ֔יִל וַיַּ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד שֹׁסֵֽהוּ׃ס

[1 Samuel 14:48: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.48/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:377` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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