---
title: 1 Samuel 14:52 (JPS 1917) — And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul;… · tree and pragmatics
description: And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul; and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him. Who acts: sore war, Saul. 1 Samuel 14:52 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 14:52 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul; and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sore war, Saul · **What happens:** be, see, take · **To what, where:** mighty man, war

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 14:52 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sore war, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:381
# text = And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul; and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
16	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
17	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
19	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
20	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
25	valiant	valiant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | sore war against the Philistines |  |  | there | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | Saul | any mighty man or any valiant man |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 3 | **take** | past | Saul |  | war |  |  | unto war | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתְּהִ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ חֲזָקָ֣ה עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרָאָ֨ה שָׁא֜וּל כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ גִּבּוֹר֙ וְכָל־בֶּן־חַ֔יִל וַיַּאַסְפֵ֖הוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ס

[1 Samuel 14:52: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.52/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:381` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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