---
title: 1 Samuel 16:20 (JPS 1917) — And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul. Who acts: Jesse. 1 Samuel 16:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 16:20 · JPS 1917

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And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.

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**Who acts:** Jesse · **What happens:** take, lade, send · **To what, where:** ass

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This is 1 Samuel 16:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jesse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:448
# text = And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jesse	Jesse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	laden	lade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	kid	kid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
27	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Jesse | a ass and a bottle of wine and a kid |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ass=Theme |
| 2 | **lade** | participle |  | a ass and a bottle of wine and a kid *not said here* |  |  |  | with bread | tree rules |
| 3 | **send** | past | Jesse *not said here* | ass |  |  |  | by David; unto Saul | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּקַּ֨ח יִשַׁ֜י חֲמ֥וֹר לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְנֹ֣אד יַ֔יִן וּגְדִ֥י עִזִּ֖ים אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלַ֛ח בְּיַד־דָּוִ֥ד בְּנ֖וֹ אֶל־שָׁאֽוּל׃

[1 Samuel 16:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:448` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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