---
title: 1 Samuel 17:13 (JPS 1917) — And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. Who acts: three eldest sons, three sons, names. 1 Samuel 17:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency t
---

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# 1 Samuel 17:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** three eldest sons, three sons, names · **What happens:** go, be, bear, name · **To what, where:** battle, Eliab, three sons

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 17:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (three eldest sons, three sons, names), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:464
# text = And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle; and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Jesse	Jesse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	Eliab	Eliab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
31	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	33	amod	_	_
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	_
33	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	appos	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	next	next	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
37	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	_
39	Abinadab	Abinadab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	44	amod	_	_
44	Shammah	Shammah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · perfect | the three eldest sons of Jesse |  |  | the battle | after Saul |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to battle=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **go** | past | Jesse's three sons |  |  | the battle |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to battle=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the names of Jesse's three sons | Eliab and Abinadab and the third Shammah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **name** |  |  | Jesse's three sons |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃

[1 Samuel 17:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:464` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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