---
title: 1 Samuel 17:14 (JPS 1917) — And David was the youngest; and the three eldest followed Saul. — · tree and pragmatics
description: And David was the youngest; and the three eldest followed Saul. — Who acts: David, three eldest. 1 Samuel 17:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 17:14 · JPS 1917

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And David was the youngest; and the three eldest followed Saul. —

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**Who acts:** David, three eldest · **What happens:** be, follow · **To what, where:** Saul

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This is 1 Samuel 17:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, three eldest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:465
# text = And David was the youngest; and the three eldest followed Saul. —
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	eldest	eldest	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	nsubj	_	_
11	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
14	—	—	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | David |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | past | the three eldest | Saul |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saul=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְדָוִ֖ד ה֣וּא הַקָּטָ֑ן וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃ס

[1 Samuel 17:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:465` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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