---
title: 1 Samuel 17:16 (JPS 1917) — And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented hims… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days. Who acts: Philistine. 1 Samuel 17:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 17:16 · JPS 1917

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And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.

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**Who acts:** Philistine · **What happens:** draw, present · **To what, where:** David

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This is 1 Samuel 17:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Philistine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:467
# text = And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Philistine	Philistine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	near	near	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	presented	present	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | the Philistine |  |  |  | morning | near *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **present** | past | the Philistine *not said here* | David |  |  | day |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְהַעֲרֵ֑ב וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֖ב אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃פ

[1 Samuel 17:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:467` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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