---
title: 1 Samuel 17:28 (JPS 1917) — And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke unto the men; and E… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke unto the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said: 'Why art thou come down? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness? Who acts: Eliab, Israel, thou. 1 Samuel 17:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the
---

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# 1 Samuel 17:28 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke unto the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said: 'Why art thou come down? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness?

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**Who acts:** Eliab, Israel, thou · **What happens:** hear, speak, kindle, say, come down, leave · **To what, where:** anger, few sheep, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 17:28 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eliab, Israel, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:479
# text = And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke unto the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said: 'Why art thou come down? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	Eliab	Eliab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eldest	eldest	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	Eliab	Eliab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	kindled	kindle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
20	against	against	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	_
28	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	31	advmod	_	_
29	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nsubj	_	_
31	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	ccomp	_	_
32	down	down	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	39	obl	_	_
37	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	39	nsubj	_	_
39	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	conj	_	_
40	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	42	det	_	_
41	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
46	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed indirect=0, polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Eliab |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Israel |  |  |  |  | unto the men | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **kindle** | past · passive |  | Eliab's anger |  |  |  | against David | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **come down** | present · passive | thou |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **leave** | present · perfect | thou | that few sheep |  | the wilderness |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme in wilderness=Location |
| 7 | **anger** |  | Eliab |  |  |  |  |  | nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֱלִיאָב֙ אָחִ֣יו הַגָּד֔וֹל בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיִּֽחַר־אַף֩ אֱלִיאָ֨ב בְּדָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לָמָּה־זֶּ֣ה יָרַ֗דְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֨י נָטַ֜שְׁתָּ מְעַ֨ט הַצֹּ֤אן הָהֵ֙נָּה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲנִ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־זְדֹנְךָ֗ וְאֵת֙ רֹ֣עַ לְבָבֶ֔ךָ כִּ֗י לְמַ֛עַן רְא֥וֹת הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה יָרָֽדְתָּ׃

[1 Samuel 17:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.28/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke unto the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said: 'Why art thou come down? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness?**
2. [I know thy presumptuousness, and the naughtiness of thy heart; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.480/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:479` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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