---
title: 1 Samuel 17:31 (JPS 1917) — And when the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them before Saul; and he was taken to him. Who acts: David, words. 1 Samuel 17:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 17:31 · JPS 1917

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And when the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them before Saul; and he was taken to him.

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**Who acts:** David, words · **What happens:** hear, speak, rehearse, take · **To what, where:** words, people, David, Israel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 17:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:484
# text = And when the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them before Saul; and he was taken to him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
8	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	rehearsed	rehearse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past · passive |  | the words |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | David | the words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **rehearse** | past | words *= word* | people |  |  | before Saul |  | vn rehearse-26.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | past · passive |  | David | Israel |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to he=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְּשָּֽׁמְעוּ֙הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ לִפְנֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיִּקָּחֵֽהוּ׃

[1 Samuel 17:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:484` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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