---
title: 1 Samuel 17:33 (JPS 1917) — And Saul said to David: 'Thou art not able to go against this Philis… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul said to David: 'Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.' Who acts: Saul, Thou, David. 1 Samuel 17:33 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 17:33 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Saul said to David: 'Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saul, Thou, David · **What happens:** say, not be, go, fight, be, man · **To what, where:** David, Philistine, youth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 17:33 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, Thou, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:486
# text = And Saul said to David: 'Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
8	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
9	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	against	against	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	Philistine	Philistine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
22	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
23	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nsubj	_	_
24	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	but	but	ADV	CC	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	advcl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	from	from	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
39	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: disagree
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=disagree

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  | David |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to david=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | Thou |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | to-infinitive | Thou *not said here* |  |  | this Philistine |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme against philistine=Location |
| 4 | **fight** | to-infinitive | Thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with David | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with he=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | thou | a youth and a man |  |  |  | but *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **man** |  | David |  |  | David's youth |  | of war | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ס

[1 Samuel 17:33: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.33/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:486` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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