---
title: 1 Samuel 17:39 (JPS 1917) — And David said unto Saul: 'I cannot go with these; for I have not tr… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said unto Saul: 'I cannot go with these; for I have not tried them.' And David put them off him. Who acts: David, I. 1 Samuel 17:39 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 17:39 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And David said unto Saul: 'I cannot go with these; for I have not tried them.' And David put them off him.

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**Who acts:** David, I · **What happens:** say, not go, not try, put off · **To what, where:** Saul · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 17:39 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:493
# text = And David said unto Saul: 'I cannot go with these; for I have not tried them.' And David put them off him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	tried	try	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
22	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
23	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	off	off	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto Saul | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **go** | can | I |  |  |  |  | with these | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with this=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **not** **try** | present · perfect | I | Saul |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality |
| 4 | **put off** | past | David | Saul |  |  |  | head *obl* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר דָּוִ֣ד אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ מֵעַ֨ל לְמַדָּ֜יו וַיֹּ֣אֶל לָלֶכֶת֮ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נִסָּה֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָלֶ֥כֶת בָּאֵ֖לֶּה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נִסִּ֑יתִי וַיְסִרֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד מֵעָלָֽיו׃

[1 Samuel 17:39: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.39/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [And David girded his sword upon his apparel, and he essayed to go, but could not; for he had not tried it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.492/)
2. **And David said unto Saul: 'I cannot go with these; for I have not tried them.' And David put them off him.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:493` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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