---
title: 1 Samuel 18:11 (JPS 1917) — And Saul cast the spear; for he said: 'I will smite David even to th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul cast the spear; for he said: 'I will smite David even to the wall.' And David stepped aside out of his presence twice. Who acts: Saul, I, David. 1 Samuel 18:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 18:11 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Saul cast the spear; for he said: 'I will smite David even to the wall.' And David stepped aside out of his presence twice.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Saul, I, David · **What happens:** cast, say, smite, step · **To what, where:** spear, David, presence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 18:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, I, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:525
# text = And Saul cast the spear; for he said: 'I will smite David even to the wall.' And David stepped aside out of his presence twice.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
15	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
22	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
30	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	24	advmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | past | Saul | the spear |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Product |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **smite** | future | I | David |  |  |  | to the wall *result* | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent david=Patient to wall=Result |
| 4 | **step** | past | David |  |  | Saul's presence |  | aside, twice *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out presence=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֤טֶל שָׁאוּל֙ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֔ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד מִפָּנָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃

[1 Samuel 18:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:525` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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