---
title: 1 Samuel 18:12 (JPS 1917) — And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and was… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and was departed from Saul. Who acts: Saul, LORD. 1 Samuel 18:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 18:12 · JPS 1917

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And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and was departed from Saul.

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**Who acts:** Saul, LORD · **What happens:** be, depart · **To what, where:** Saul

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This is 1 Samuel 18:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:526
# text = And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and was departed from Saul.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	advcl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	departed	depart	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  | of David; afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | with David | tree rules |
| 3 | **depart** | past · passive | Saul *not said here* |  |  | Saul |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: from saul=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּרָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל מִלִּפְנֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד כִּֽי־הָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וּמֵעִ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל סָֽר׃

[1 Samuel 18:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:526` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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