---
title: 1 Samuel 18:16 (JPS 1917) — But all Israel and Judah loved David; for he went out and came in be… · tree and pragmatics
description: But all Israel and Judah loved David; for he went out and came in before them. Who acts: Israel, David. 1 Samuel 18:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 18:16 · JPS 1917

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But all Israel and Judah loved David; for he went out and came in before them.

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**Who acts:** Israel, David · **What happens:** love, go out, come in · **To what, where:** David

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This is 1 Samuel 18:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Israel, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:530
# text = But all Israel and Judah loved David; for he went out and came in before them.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	out	out	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	before	before	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | past | all Israel and Judah | David |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer david=Stimulus |
| 2 | **go out** | past | David |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come in** | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  | before ways *= way* |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before they=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וִיהוּדָ֔ה אֹהֵ֖ב אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד כִּֽי־ה֛וּא יוֹצֵ֥א וָבָ֖א לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃פ

[1 Samuel 18:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:530` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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