---
title: 1 Samuel 18:22 (JPS 1917) — And Saul commanded his servants: 'Speak with David secretly, and say… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul commanded his servants: 'Speak with David secretly, and say: Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his servants love thee; now therefore be the king's son-in-law.' Who acts: Saul, king, servants. 1 Samuel 18:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# 1 Samuel 18:22 · JPS 1917

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And Saul commanded his servants: 'Speak with David secretly, and say: Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his servants love thee; now therefore be the king's son-in-law.'

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**Who acts:** Saul, king, servants · **What happens:** command, speak, say, have, love, be · **To what, where:** servants, delight, thee, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 18:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, king, servants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:536
# text = And Saul commanded his servants: 'Speak with David secretly, and say: Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his servants love thee; now therefore be the king's son-in-law.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	20	discourse	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
21	delight	delight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	28	det:predet	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
29	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
30	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	obj	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
32	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	38	advmod	_	_
33	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	cop	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod:poss	_	_
37	's	's	PART	POS	_	36	case	_	_
38	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	40	punct	_	_
42	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | past | Saul | Saul's servants |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent servant=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with David; secretly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with david=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | Saul *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **have** | present | the king | delight |  | thee |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent delight=Patient |
| 5 | **love** | present | Saul's servants | thee |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus |
| 6 | **is a** | infinitive | Saul *not said here* | the king's son |  |  | now | therefore *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְצַ֨ו שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֗ודַּבְּר֨וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד בַּלָּט֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֨ה חָפֵ֤ץ בְּךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֲהֵב֑וּךָ וְעַתָּ֖ה הִתְחַתֵּ֥ן בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃

[1 Samuel 18:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:536` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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