---
title: 1 Samuel 2:23 (JPS 1917) — And he said unto them: 'Why do ye such things? for I hear evil repor… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said unto them: 'Why do ye such things? for I hear evil reports concerning you from all this people. Who acts: Eli, I. 1 Samuel 2:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 2:23 · JPS 1917

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And he said unto them: 'Why do ye such things? for I hear evil reports concerning you from all this people.

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**Who acts:** Eli, I · **What happens:** say, hear · **To what, where:** evil reports · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Samuel 2:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eli, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:54
# text = And he said unto them: 'Why do ye such things? for I hear evil reports concerning you from all this people.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
11	such	such	DET	JJ	_	12	det:predet	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
17	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	reports	report	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	concerning	concern	ADP	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	24	det:predet	_	_
23	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	people	people	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed act=ask, indirect=1

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Eli |  |  |  |  | unto sons *= son* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | present | I | evil reports |  |  |  | from all people; you *obl* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent report=Topic from people=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תַעֲשׂ֖וּן כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֤י שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵיכֶ֣ם רָעִ֔ים מֵאֵ֖ת כָּל־הָעָ֥ם אֵֽלֶּה׃

[1 Samuel 2:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.2.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:54` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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