--- title: 1 Samuel 18:25 (JPS 1917) — And Saul said: 'Thus shall ye say to David: The king desireth not an… · tree and pragmatics description: And Saul said: 'Thus shall ye say to David: The king desireth not any dowry, but a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies.' For Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. Who acts: Saul, ye, king, David. 1 Samuel 18:25 in JPS 1917 with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.540/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/18/) / [18:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.25/) / JPS 1 # 1 Samuel 18:25 · JPS 1917 And Saul said: 'Thus shall ye say to David: The king desireth not any dowry, but a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies.' For Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. **Who acts:** Saul, ye, king, David · **What happens:** say, not desire, avenge, think, make, fall · **To what, where:** David, dowry · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Samuel 18:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, ye, king, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1SA:540 # text = And Saul said: 'Thus shall ye say to David: The king desireth not any dowry, but a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies.' For Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 5 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 6 Thus thus ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 7 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 9 nsubj _ _ 9 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 ccomp _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 13 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 desireth desire VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 ccomp _ _ 16 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 15 advmod _ _ 17 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 18 det _ _ 18 dowry dowry NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 but but CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 foreskins foreskin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 Philistines philistine PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 29 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 30 aux:pass _ _ 30 avenged avenge VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod:poss _ _ 34 's 's PART POS _ 33 case _ _ 35 enemies enemy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 37 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 38 For for SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 39 Saul Saul PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ _ 40 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 41 to to PART TO _ 42 mark _ _ 42 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 xcomp _ _ 43 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 44 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 xcomp _ _ 45 by by ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 Philistines philistine PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 47 nmod _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - polarity: neg - indirect: yes - teacher: changed form=decl, act=request, indirect=1 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Saul | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | ye | | David | | | thus *property* | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to david=Experiencer clause=Topic | | 3 | **not** **desire** | present | the king | any dowry but hundred foreskins of the Philistines | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dowry=Theme | | 4 | **avenge** | to-infinitive · passive | the king *not said here* | | | | | of the king's enemies | tree rules | | 5 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Saul | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 6 | **make** | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* | David | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **fall** | infinitive | David *not said here* | | | | | by the hand of the Philistines | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by hand=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל כֹּֽה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְדָוִ֗ד אֵֽין־חֵ֤פֶץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּמֹ֔הַר כִּ֗י בְּמֵאָה֙ עָרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְשָׁא֣וּל חָשַׁ֔ב לְהַפִּ֥יל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ [1 Samuel 18:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.25/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:540` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 18:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.539/) - next →: [1 Samuel 18:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.541/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 18:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.25/)