---
title: 1 Samuel 19:2 (JPS 1917) — And Jonathan told David, saying: 'Saul my father seeketh to slay the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jonathan told David, saying: 'Saul my father seeketh to slay thee; now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself in the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself. Who acts: Jonathan, Saul, I. 1 Samuel 19:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 19:2 · JPS 1917

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And Jonathan told David, saying: 'Saul my father seeketh to slay thee; now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself in the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself.

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**Who acts:** Jonathan, Saul, I · **What happens:** tell, say, seek, slay, pray, take · **To what, where:** David, thee, heed, thyself, secret place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 19:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, Saul, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:549
# text = And Jonathan told David, saying: 'Saul my father seeketh to slay thee; now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself in the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
9	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	seeketh	seek	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	obj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
18	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
22	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
25	heed	heed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	24	obl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	conj	_	_
41	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	40	obj	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Jonathan |  | David |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent david=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Jonathan *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **seek** | present | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **slay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* | thee |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient |
| 5 | **pray** | present | I | thee |  |  | now | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **take** | infinitive | I *not said here* | heed |  | thyself | morning |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent heed=Theme to thyself=Destination |
| 7 | **abide** | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  | a secret place |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **hide** | infinitive | I *not said here* | thyself |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thyself=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּגֵּ֤ד יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֔ר מְבַקֵּ֛שׁ שָׁא֥וּל אָבִ֖י לַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּֽׁמֶר־נָ֣א בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ בַסֵּ֖תֶר וְנַחְבֵּֽאתָ׃

[1 Samuel 19:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:549` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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