---
title: 1 Samuel 19:8 (JPS 1917) — And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Phi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him. Who acts: war, David, Jonathan. 1 Samuel 19:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 19:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.

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**Who acts:** war, David, Jonathan · **What happens:** be, go out, fight, slay, flee · **To what, where:** Jonathan

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 19:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (war, David, Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:556
# text = And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	out	out	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Philistines	Philistines	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	slaughter	slaughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
29	before	before	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | war |  |  | there | again |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go out** | past | David |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fight** | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the Philistines | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with philistines=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **slay** | past | David *not said here* | Jonathan |  |  |  | with a great slaughter | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with slaughter=Instrument |
| 5 | **flee** | past | Jonathan |  |  |  | before David |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתּ֥וֹסֶף הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לִֽהְי֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּהֶם֙ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃

[1 Samuel 19:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:556` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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