---
title: 1 Samuel 19:10 (JPS 1917) — And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the spear; but… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the spear; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the spear into the wall; and David fled, and escaped that night. Who acts: Saul, David. 1 Samuel 19:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 19:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the spear; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the spear into the wall; and David fled, and escaped that night.

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**Who acts:** Saul, David · **What happens:** seek, smite, slip away, flee, escape · **To what, where:** David, presence, spear, wall

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 19:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saul, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:558
# text = And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the spear; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the spear into the wall; and David fled, and escaped that night.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	slipped	slip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	away	away	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	into	into	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
36	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
40	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	41	det	_	_
41	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl:unmarked	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | past | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **smite** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Saul *not said here* | David |  |  |  | to the wall *result*; with the spear | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Agent david=Patient to wall=Result with spear=Instrument |
| 3 | **slip away** | past | David |  |  | Saul's presence |  | away *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **smite** | past | David | the spear |  |  |  | into the wall *result* | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent spear=Patient into wall=Result |
| 5 | **flee** | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **escape** | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֜וּל לְהַכּ֤וֹת בַּֽחֲנִית֙ בְּדָוִ֣ד וּבַקִּ֔יר וַיִּפְטַר֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֖ית בַּקִּ֑יר וְדָוִ֛ד נָ֥ס וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הֽוּא׃פ

[1 Samuel 19:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:558` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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