---
title: 1 Samuel 19:18 (JPS 1917) — Now David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told h… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. Who acts: David, Saul. 1 Samuel 19:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Samuel 19:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, Saul · **What happens:** flee, escape, come, tell, do · **To what, where:** Samuel, all, David · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Samuel 19:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1SA:566
# text = Now David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Ramah	Ramah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	iobj	_	_
18	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	obj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obj	_	_
20	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	acl:relcl	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | past | David |  |  |  | now |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **escape** | past | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | David *not said here* |  |  | Samuel to Ramah |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to samuel=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | David *not said here* | all | David |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient all=Topic |
| 5 | **do** | past · perfect | Saul |  | David |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְדָוִ֨ד בָּרַ֜ח וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט וַיָּבֹ֤א אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵל֙ הָרָמָ֔תָה וַיַּ֨גֶּד־ל֔וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־ל֖וֹ שָׁא֑וּל וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הוּא֙ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בְּנָֽיוֹת׃

[1 Samuel 19:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.18/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **Now David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him.**
2. [And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.567/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1SA:566` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [1 Samuel 19:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.565/)
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